Process of preparing zirconia-coated silicon nitride sintered member

ABSTRACT

A silicon nitride sintered member comprises a silicon nitride sintered body and a zirconia layer coated onto the surface of the silicon nitride sintered body. The zirconia layer is preferably coated onto the surface of the silicon nitride sintered body through plasma spraying. The zirconia-coated silicon nitride sintered member has both high strength at high temperatures and excellent heat insulating property.

This application is a Rule 60 Divisional Application of Ser. No. 112,053, filed Oct. 22, 1987, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,349, which in turn is a Rule 62 Continuation Application of Ser. No. 06/887,654, filed July 21, 1986, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a silicon nitride sintered member having an excellent heat insulating property. More specifically, the invention relates to a silicon nitride sintered member having the surface coated with zirconia and a low thermal conductivity near the surface.

2. Related Art Statement

Since silicon nitride sintered members are more excellent than other inorganic materials or metals in terms of mechanical strength, thermal resistance, thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, etc. at high temperatures, its uses as high temperature structural members have been examined, and the uses has actively been being developed.

However, the silicon nitride sintered members have a shortcoming that it has a high thermal conductivity and therefore it is poor in heat insulating property. For instance, when a silicon nitride sintered member is used at a wall face of an engine combustion chamber to enhance the thermal resistance, heat insulation to the exterior can be improved by an air gap, etc, but proper intake gas density can not be obtained because the thermal conductivity is high and therefore intake gas is warmed. In that case, the high thermal conductivity near the surface of the silicon nitride sintered member comes into a problem.

It is disclosed in Japanese patent application laid-open Nos. sho 55-28,351, 57-140,876 and 58-87,273 that the surface of a metal substrate is coated with zirconia through plasma spraying, aiming at the improvement of thermal resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Further, Japanese patent application laid-open Nos. sho 57-135,771 and 58-125,679 that the surface of a substrate of carbon is coated with zirconia. In such a technique, a cermet, platinum or Ni base alloy is used as an intermediate layer for strengthening a bonding force of the zirconia layer. However, there has been no idea that a silicon nitride sintered body is used as a substrate and the thermal insulation near the surface thereof is intended to be improved.

As compared with the silicone nitride sintered body, zirconia has a lower thermal conductivity and a more excellent thermal insulation property, but it has a defect that it is lower in mechanical strength at high temperatures.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is aimed at solving the above-mentioned drawbacks, and is to provide a silicon nitride sintered member the surface of which is coated with zirconia as a heat insulating layer.

According to the present invention, the surface of the silicon nitride sintered body which has high strength at high temperatures but high thermal conductivity and poor heat insulating property is coated with zirconia having a low thermal conductivity, thereby improving the heat insulating property near the surface of the silicon nitride sintered member.

The zirconia-coated silicon nitride sintered member according to the present invention has both high strength at high temperatures and excellent heat insulating property.

These and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be well appreciated upon reading of the following description of the invention with understanding that some modifications, variations and changes of the same could be made by a skilled person in the art to which the invention pertains without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of claims appended hereto.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The silicon nitride sintered member used in this application means structural members, such as engine parts, made of a silicon nitride pressureless sintered body, a hot press sintered body, an HIP sintered body or a reaction sintered body. Although the silicon nitride sintered member may contain various additives such as MgO, Al₂ O₃ or Y₂ O₃, the additives have not essential importance in improving thermal insulating property of the silicon nitride sintered body. The present invention is characterized in that the surface of the silicon nitride sintered member is coated with zirconia.

As zirconia, use ma be made of zirconia which is stablized or partially stabilized with Y₂ O₃, MgO or CaO. The thickness of the zirconia layer is preferably not more than 100 μm. This is partially because when the thickness of the zirconia layer is too large, peeling or penetration is likely to occur through repetition of heating and cooling due to difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the silicon nitride sintered body and zirconia and partially because even the 100 μm or less thickness is sufficient to effectively reduce thermal condutivity near the surface of the silicon nitride sintered member.

Next, the method of producing the silicon nitride sintered member having the surface coated with zirconia according to the present invention will be explained below.

The silicon nitride sintered member the surface of which is coated with zirconia is a silicon nitride sintered member the whole or partial surface of which is coated with zirconia by applying or spraying a zirconia slurry onto the surface of a silicon nitride sintered body to form a zirconia-coated layer, followed by firing, or preferably by coating zirconia onto the surface of the silicon nitride sintered body through plasma spraying.

The surface of the silicon nitride sintered body is generally a fired surface or a machined surface. Thus, in order to increase the bonding force between the zirconia slurry-applied layer or plasma sprayed layer and the surface of the silicon nitride sintered body, it is necessary to perform the surface treatment for roughening or activation. For instance, these treatments are polishing with abrasive grits, oxidizing under heating in air, etching with fluoric acid, etc. An optimum method needs to be discovered as the surface treatment for roughening and activation depending upon the quality of the silicon nitride sintered body. Then, zirconia is coated on or plasma sprayed onto the surface of the silicon nitride sintered body having undergone the above surface treatment. In this case, as a zirconia coating raw material or a zirconia plasma spraying raw material, use may be made of stabilized or partially stabilized zirconia. Alternatively, stabilized or partially stablized zirconia may be formed by reacting zirconia and a stabilizer during firing or plasma spraying. An intermediate layer having an intermediate coefficient of thermal expansion may be preliminarily formed on the surface of the silicon nitride sintered body so that the peeling and penetration due to difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the silicon nitride sintered body and the stabilized zirconia can not occur.

In the following, examples of the present invention will be shown. They are merely given in illustration thereof but should not be interpreted to limit the scope of the invention.

EXAMPLE 1

A disc of 10 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick machined from a silicon nitride pressureless sintered body containing SrO, MgO, CeO₂ and ZrO₂ as additive was oxidized at 1,200° C. in air for 24 hours to form an oxidized layer on the surface thereof, thereby obtaining a substrate to be plasma sprayed. A flame spraying agent in Table 1 was plasma sprayed onto one surface of the substrate in a thickness of 50 to 70 μm, thereby obtaining Samples 1, 2 and 3 of the silicon nitride sintered members according to the present invention which were to be subjected to the measurement of the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivities of Samples 1, 2 and 3 and Comparative Example 4 in which a substrate was coated with no zirconia were measured at room temperature and at 800° C. according to a laser flash method, and results thereof are shown in Table 1. The measurement of the thermal conductivities of Samples 1, 2 and 3 according to the laser flash method was performed by irradiating the laser beams upon the coated surface.

                  TABLE 1                                                          ______________________________________                                                               Thermal                                                                        conductivity                                                                   (cal/cm · sec · °C.)                                        Room                                               Sample                      tempera-                                           No.         flame-spraying agent                                                                           ture     800° C.                            ______________________________________                                         Present 1       24 weight % MgO--ZrO.sub.2                                                                     0.03   0.03                                    invention                                                                              2       20 weight % Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 --ZrO.sub.2                                                        0.03   0.02                                            3        5 weight % CaO--ZrO.sub.2                                                                     0.03   0.03                                    Compara-                                                                               4       No coating      0.07   0.05                                    tive                                                                           Example                                                                        ______________________________________                                    

Samples 1, 2 and 3 according to the present invention suffered no peeling or penetration even after repetition of heating and cooling between room temperature and 1,200° C. at 20 times.

EXAMPLE 2

A disc of 10 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick machined from a silicon nitride pressureless sintered body containing Y₂ O₃, MgO and CeO₂ as an additive was immersed in conc. hydrofluoric acid at 50° C. for 1 hour to perform etching the surface thereof, thereby obtaining a substrate to be plasma sprayed. A flame spraying agent in Table 2 was plasma sprayed onto one surface of the substrate in a thickness of 50 to 70 μm, thereby obtaining Samples 5 and 6 of the silicon nitride sintered members according to the present invention to be used for the thermal conductivity measurement. The thermal conductivities of Samples 5 and 6 and Comparative Example 7 in which a substrate was coated with no zirconia were measured by the same method as in Example 1, and measurement results are shown in Table 2.

                  TABLE 2                                                          ______________________________________                                                               Thermal                                                                        conductivity                                                                   (cal/cm · sec · °C.)            Sam-                        Room                                               ple                         tempera-                                           No.         flame-spraying agent                                                                           ture     800° C.                            ______________________________________                                         Present 5       24 weight % MgO--ZrO.sub.2                                                                     0.03   0.02                                    invention                                                                              6       20 weight % Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 --ZrO.sub.2                                                        0.03   0.02                                    Compara-                                                                               7       No ZrO.sub.2 coating                                                                           0.07   0.04                                    tive                                                                           Example                                                                        ______________________________________                                    

Samples 5 and 6 according to the present invention suffered no peeling or penetration even after repetition of heating and cooling between room temperature and 1,200° C. at 20 times, either.

EXAMPLE 3

A disc of 10 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick machined from a silicon nitride hot press sintered body containing MgO as an additive was polished with #400 SiC abrasive grits to render the surface coarse, thereby obtaining a substrate to be slurry-applied. A slurry in which a slurry-applying agent in Table 3 and polyvinyl alcohol as a binder were suspended in water was applied onto one surface of the substrate, which was dried and heated at 1,500° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 1 hour to form a fired layer of 90-100 μm thick, thereby obtaining Samples 8 and 9 of the silicon nitride sintered members according to the present invention for the thermal conductivity measurement. The thermal conductivities of Samples 8 and 9 and Comparative Example 10 in which a substrate was coated with no zirconia were measured by the same method as in Example 1, and measurement results are shown in Table 3.

                  TABLE 3                                                          ______________________________________                                                               Thermal                                                                        conductivity                                                                   (cal/cm · sec · °C.)            Sam-                        Room                                               ple                         tempera-                                           No.         Slurry-applying agent                                                                          ture     800° C.                            ______________________________________                                         Present 8       24 weight % MgO--ZrO.sub.2                                                                     0.04   0.03                                    invention                                                                              9       20 weight % Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 --ZrO.sub.2                                                        0.04   0.03                                    Compara-                                                                               10      No ZrO.sub.2 coating                                                                           0.08   0.06                                    tive                                                                           Example                                                                        ______________________________________                                    

Samples 8 and 9 according to the present invention suffered no peeling or penetration even after repetition of heating and cooling between room temperature and 1,200° C. at 20 times.

As shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3, the silicon nitride sintered members according to the present invention in which the surface of substrate is coated with zirconia through plasma spraying or slurry-applying have low thermal conductivities and excellent heat insulating property.

As explained in the foregoing, the silicon nitride sintered member according to the present invention in which the surface of the substrate is coated with zirconia possesses both high temperature strength of the silicon nitride sintered body and the heat insulating property of zirconia in combination. Thus, the thermal resistance and the heat insulating property can be simultaneously improved by application of the silicon nitride sintered member as high temperature structural members for the engine parts. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of producing a silicon nitride sintered member having reduced thermal conductivity, comprising:providing a silicon nitride sintered body; roughening or activating a surface of said body; and providing a heat insulating layer on said surface, said layer consisting essentially of zirconia, and having a thickness of not greater than 100 microns.
 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of applying a peliminary intermediate layer on said silicon nitride sintered body, wherein the thermal expansion coefficient of said intermediate layer is between that of the silicon nitride sintered body and that of the heat insulating layer.
 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said surface is roughened or activiated by at least one process selected from the group consisting of polishing with abrasive grits, oxidizing by heating in air, and chemical etching.
 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said heat insulating layer is provided on said surface by at least one process selected from the group consisting of applying a slurry, spraying, and plasma spraying.
 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said silicon nitride body is formed by a process selected from the group consisting of pressureless sintering, hot pressing, hot isostatic pressing, and reaction sintering. 